1. Abnormal menstrual bleeding

This can include heavy bleeding (menorrhagia) where you soak through pads or tampons quickly, prolonged periods that last longer than usual, or irregular bleeding patterns.

2. Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)

Cramping in the lower abdomen is a common symptom. It may be mild or severe and can be accompanied by back pain, headache, nausea, or diarrhea.

3. Absent or missed periods (amenorrhea)

If you don’t have a menstrual period for three consecutive months or more, it’s considered amenorrhea. This can be due to various factors such as pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, stress, excessive exercise, or certain medical conditions.

4. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms

These symptoms occur in the days leading up to your period and may include mood swings, irritability, bloating, breast tenderness, food cravings, fatigue, or changes in sleep patterns.

5. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

PMDD is a more severe form of PMS that can cause intense mood swings, depression, anxiety, and irritability that significantly impact daily life.

6. Menstrual migraines

Some women experience migraines that are triggered by hormonal changes during their menstrual cycle. These migraines can be accompanied by severe headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.

7. Spotting or breakthrough bleeding

This refers to light bleeding or spotting that occurs outside of your regular menstrual cycle. It can be caused by hormonal fluctuations, contraceptive use, or underlying medical conditions.

8. Amenorrhea with abnormal hair growth

In conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where there is a hormonal imbalance, women may experience absent periods (amenorrhea) along with excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, or back.

It’s important to remember that experiencing occasional variations in your menstrual cycle is normal, but if you notice persistent or disruptive changes in your periods, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.